Hi in a previous video which I will link down below if you haven't seen it. I uh Did a little investigation on the ionic resistance of various 9volt batteries and found a uh, fairly surprising uh conclusion in that the Jurac cell and Alkalines seem to be physically different to this uh, generic Kohl's brand one and this German V 9vol battery and they're all alkaline type. they're all EX L the same uh, physical chemistry inside. Uh, but we looked at differences where you can actually squeeze the cell pressure on the cell actually changed its ionic resistance, and it was quite a substantial difference between the Energizer and the Josol and these two here.

So there was obviously some sort of physical construction difference now I was. That was quite surprising to me because I was under the impression that all 9V alkaline batteries, specifically the alkaline type, had the six 4A Uh cells in them. at at least I've taken apart Duryan Energizer before and that is the case, but I thought all alkalines had that, but uh, perhaps not and a lot of people in the comments said that no, these these ones most likely use a pile construction like uh in the old Zinc Carbon 9volt batteries and I've opened zinc carbon ones a long time ago. and yeah, sure enough, they're a pile Construction But anyway, I thought we'd take these apart and uh, see if that's the case I think it's most almost certainly uh, going to be the case cuz I Can't imagine such a huge difference between these two groups of batteries if they all use Uh 4A cells inside cuz the physical construction of the 4A cell.

There's only you know so many ways you can do it. so I suspect that these are actually pile construction. Only one way to find out. rip them apart.

Thankfully, these are very well relatively easy to open because you just, uh, break the tab along there. By the way, if you're going to do this, don't use your good side Cutters these are just a pair of side Cutters I use for sort of mechanical cutting like this, but look, we can already see Tada inside there, the six or one of the six 4A cells inside that. So let me rip right down the seam and open it. Right up there we go cracked it open and bingo, we have pink.

They're pink. Fantastic. There you go. 4.

We have the exactly as I said. 6 4A batteries in there. and that's the construction. There's the weld.

they've welded those on. They've spot welded those onto the Uh tabs and uh, that one's obviously then spot welded onto the case there. and uh, the other one's going to be spot welded to the positive terminal of that. but they just just in series of course.

So let's cut that open and there it is inside a 9V Duracell battery. It'll be exactly the same inside the Energizer I'm sure. But there you go. They're all, uh, spot welded onto the individual batteries and we're getting the same result inside that Energizer as well as expected.

Tada There you go. o No, it's different. Well, it's the 4A um batteries in there, but look, they're not worlded together inside the Energizer There you go. That was very, very surprising.

So although I have, um I am aware that uh, that, uh, they have done this in the past on certain batteries like you open them up and you do actually get the 4A cells out of them. but I thought, um, you know that they would do the more reliable technique of what they did inside the Duracell So there you go. That's a bit how you doing. I mean great that you can reuse these I mean if you open up a brand new battery of course you can reuse those cells.

but this is not nearly as reliable a construction. just you know. we got some just pressed metal um pressed into cardboard there I mean really, that nut Duracell By far the more reliable construction out of those two Brands Really. So a big thumbs down to the Energizer there because you know it got all of these uh, pressure contacts in there.

um, you know, three different layers of that. Just a crazy oh man, don't think I'm going to buy Energizer anymore. I'll buy Duracell 9 volts instead. Now when I say these are actually 4A cells, they're not quite.

They're a little bit smaller. 4A cells are supposed to be uh, 8 mm diameter by 42 mm long is it? Let's have a look. 7.7 this particular one. It does have the plastic on the outside and I'm going to short out the battery by doing this, but there you go.

40 so it's at least 2 and 1/2 mm short there. and it does have a whopping deep positive tab on that. Look at that. And today, if we open the V battery here.

yep, look at this. No 4A cells in there. It does use a pile construction once again, nominal 1 5 Vols each. So there's going to be six piles in there, but I'm you know I'm actually quite surprised like that.

I Only thought that was that construction was used in the old school, uh, Zinc and still is used in the old school. uh zinc carbon ones. I Didn't know it was used in the construction for alkaline 9volt batteries, but clearly it is and well, that's what the results in my previous video showed. We'll have to cut the plastic off that to get the individual cells out, but there it is you can see of course the uh, disadvantage of this one is that uh, you have to have the metal strap actually coming back there.

you go for the negative terminal over there. So and then the positive terminal. They do actually have that welded under there, so that's that's at least pretty good. and well, it's welded there and there so it's not a problem, just has to come up the side of the case.

And of course they have to put insulation on that as well. otherwise it can short out to the metal case. So that is a fascinating classic pile. Construction there.

But it's the alkaline chemistry and this is why we were getting a pressure difference. because when we were when I squeezing this cell like that, obviously you were. You know there's more direct uh, feed through directly the pressure directly into the construction of the cell inside. and that was what was changing the ionic resistance of the battery.

Whereas these 4 A cells in their metal um can like that much more robust. Now for the Kohl's Advanced one. I got to peel the sticker off. so obviously some company makes this I'm not sure who um Kohl's is an Australian uh shopping center uh, brand here, so it's their own, you know, just rebadged so pretty, you know, generic gold there.

and Yep looks like almost practically identical pile construction. so I don't know? Well, this one didn't come out of the same Factory cuz this one came from South Korea and the Vada ones are made in Germany. So yeah, I don't know, but it does look pretty identical. Let me get it to part.

yeah, there certainly are differences there. We've got the Uh Kohl's one on the top and the Vada one on the bottom. Um, they're sort of like different colors. This one's more gray.

This one's got some I don't know. some yellowy type color in it. Looks like slight slightly different internal construction inside. the uh, well, sort of same physical construction, but sort of different realization of that really as part of the manufacturing process.

So there's some. Yeah, there are substantial differences there. So once again, the Vada one on the bottom there and the Coal's on the top. and you can see the you know, the the Coal's one at the top looks like it has a more sort of, uh, uniform sort of metallic stuff around the base here.

But look, they're pretty much the same exact same thicknesses. I mean there's the cell, that's where it ends, goes from there up to here, and uh, but this is sort of a more uniform color I Sort of don't know what's going on there it? Uh yeah. I So they're pretty much almost identical dimensions in there. But definitely they came out and they come out of a different uh Factory with different manufacturing processes.

Ooh, and V have a US patent in several countes. For those playing along at home, there's the Patn number 5691 1078 I Guess that is. And there you go. The Kohl's one has an identical patent mark on it.

It's 1079, by the way, not 78. That was just a little fury from the Uh welded thing I pulled off before. So w there you go, do they actually come from the same Factory or the same parent company? or oh I don't know? no idea. and thanks to Google patents we can find out what that one is.

here. it is battery formed of stacked flat cells. well D they've been doing this for ages. They gave them a pattern for that I don't know you'd have to look into the details but it's um, the original sign is alkaline batteries as so there you go I you know who which parent company is that I you know or shell company or whatever I have no idea but there you go.

that is the uh, there's the image for the flat so the in looks like the individual cell in there. they've got a patent on that one. it's not the maybe it's not the stacking but anyway, um it could be. You'd have to go into the details I won't go into it.

whoopy freaking do. um but actually I searched um the patents for like all of those numbers within that uh like from Uh 70 to 79 and uh look I actually found quite a few of them are battery related leak proof venting system for electric storage batteries. the 58 that I was looking at and here we go. This is just fascinating.

The 78, which is the number I got wrong um is actually look at this. it's a remaining battery capacity meter and method for computing remaining battery capacity from Uh SEO Epson Go figure. There you go. So for some reason that that group of patn actually has a lot to do with uh, you know, batteries I Don't know whether or not that's uh, part of the patent numbering system or that's just that's just the way it was at the moment at the time.

there are a flood of patents in that that were awarded um in that group. So there you go I Don't know. Fascinating. It's always fun to look through Uh Patn and stuff like some of them can be crazy, others you can actually get some really good info from.

And that's the idea of patents that they contain. or they're supposed to contain as Gobbley. Legal E Gobbley uh, patentes as they call it. Um, but all the info.

all the technical info is supposed to be in there and it looks like they have just stacked the cells inside this big O plastic outer shell here. I mean I can get in there and there's the there's the paste stuff. look at that or there or is that behind that? No yeah, look and here we go. We should be able to prize up one of these cells.

Taada. There we go. We got one. We got one.

You can see under there the top metal contact. that's the positive contact there and it. so it wraps around this side and also wraps around on the back side there and usually in a alkaline battery construction like this. Although I've never actually looked at a 9V cell like this, they're going to have then the separator which conducts the ions between the anode and the cathode and that's usually a fabric.

and uh, is it Yeah, Well, that uh, looks like some sort of fa feels like some sort of fabric to me. There we go. Let's just separate it like that. Yeah, it there it is.

Look at that and then underneath that we have our negative contact on the bottom. So there you go. That is the construction of a 9V pile type alkaline cell. Very very messy.

uh stacked construction. Although I can imagine, it's probably uh, cheaper than the well. that's probably why they do it because it's cheaper than the uh, traditional, uh, 4A uh cylindrical approach. And here's where we can see the complete stack.

Now these are the different layers we've got. We've got our top metal contact here, which is the positive terminal of our battery. and then we've got the manganese oxide cathode here, which is uh, sort of. you know, quite a can be quite like a a powdery typee uh material.

And then we've got the cloth separator. I'm not sure what type of actually what type of cloth it is, but that allows ion flow between the cathode and the anode. And then on the other side here we've got our uh, zinc oxide powder. It doesn't look like a powder.

I Mean this stuff here. Don't put that on there. Um, the manganese looks more like a powder. In fact, it crumbles more like a powder than the zinc oxide stuff on top.

But anyway, that is the zinc oxide and that is soaked in a pottassium hydroxide electrolyte. And that potassium hydroxide is the alkaline material that gives the battery its name, the alkaline battery and then on the bottom. There we have just the bottom metal plate and then so on, and so forth. That metal plate on the bottom then forms the positive terminal for the next stack and then the Ne next negative terminal there and then positive negative, and so on.

and so forth. Six times. Right through the stack and when this battery gets used, it's the Uh Cathode and the anode material down in there. I.E the Manganese oxide material and the Uh Zinc material down in there which actually gets used up the potassium hydroxide electrolyte.

The alkaline material doesn't actually get used in the chemical process or used up in the chemical process. so really, it's a very simple like little well Construction In there. they've just got the plastic tube and they put the metal plate down in the bottom and they've probably got a machine to then squirt in the Uh Zinc stuff a layer of zinc on the bottom. Then they've got the separator material.

uh, the cloth. They sort of like jam that in there and that just goes co uh covers the bottom and then wraps around the sides like that and that separates the two materials. And then they um have obviously got the uh, manganese in these like two separate blocks like this. so it looks like they have a machine which you know actually compresses the powder into two separate blocks.

they just Place those in there. Then they just put a metal tab on top and then they just stack and construct the whole cell like that in one complete outer plastic case. And unlike the cylindrical cells, I don't see any uh, you know, pressure release, uh, valves or mechanism in here at all. It's you know bit.

That's not surprising because these are very uh, low current, very low energy uh batteries. unlike your larger cylindrical cells which can if you short them can actually generate you know large amounts of deliver large amounts of current. So really not surprising to you know. uh, find a lack of or not find any pressure release mechanism in there at all.

And if you have a look at the Kohl's one on the right here and the Vera on the left there, you can see that the Kohl's one is a lot more you know, powdered and crumbly than the Vada one which is very very hard. but yeah you can actually get it to if you scrape it enough. There we go, we can see the powdered form of that manganese oxide and inside your 4A battery. Here you're going to or your AAA or your able A or your D or your C or whatever the cylindrical uh type.

It's going to be exactly the same uh stack except they're going to have a big Rod going up the the center which actually uh, which is the negative uh, negative conductor and then that is surrounded by your anode and then you've got your separator and that's uh, then your cathode and then the positive terminal up the top. It's different construction, but exactly the same chemical stack. So there you go I Hope you found that interesting I certainly did. I Uh learned a few things there about uh, the construction of, um, some alkaline batteries I Didn't know there was a difference in these 9vt types.

Certainly some of them do use the uh stacked cell construction like that. If you want to discuss it, jump on over to the EV blog Forum or leave comments on the blog or YouTube and don't forget if you like the video, please give it a big thumbs up. Catch you next time.